Contrary to what is known, most kidney diseases develop extremely insidiously and painlessly.
Commonly, blood in the urine, burning and pain when urinating, flank pain on both or one side of the back are known as signs of kidney disease. Decreased or loss of kidney function can occur with sudden onset (Acute) or silently over years (Chronic). As a result of the accumulation of waste substances in the blood, a condition of poisoning occurs that affects all organs and can lead to coma.
KIDNEY DISEASES
Kidneys are bean-shaped excretory organs. The kidneys, which can be up to 10 cm long, form part of the excretory system.
These organs filter the wastes from the blood and excrete them together with water as urine. Nephrology is the branch of medicine that studies the kidneys and diseases that affect the kidneys.
Kidneys are a pair of organs in the body located on both sides of the spine and ensure the removal of unwanted toxic substances from the blood through urine. There are about 2 million filtering capsules called nephrons. Their number naturally decreases with age. 1/5 of the 5-6 liters of blood expelled by the heart per minute is filtered by the kidneys.
Kidneys ensure the body's fluid-ion balance, acid-alkaline balance, blood pressure stability, and elimination of toxic substances that are harmful to the body as a result of chemical reactions in the body. Kidneys are also the place of production and secretion of many more hormones, especially hormones related to blood production and mineral structure of bones. From all this, it is clear that the kidneys are organs of vital importance for the body, and if their functions fail, they pose a life-threatening risk.
The blood passing through the kidneys is filtered and substances useful for the body are returned to the blood, and toxic substances that need to be removed from the body create urine. Urine is first collected in the bladder through the urinary tract, and then excreted.
The main types of kidney diseases
* Nephritis, also known as acute or chronic kidney inflammation
* Stone diseases
* Hereditary cystic disease
* Urinary tract inflammations
* Tumors
* Narrowing or obstruction of the urinary tract (prostate enlargement)
* Some hereditary kidney diseases
* Renal diseases of vascular origin
* Pregnancy poisoning
* Kidney diseases caused by rheumatic diseases
* Kidney diseases caused by viral hepatitis (B, C) and other infections
* Kidney diseases related to systemic diseases such as Hypertension and Diabetes (Diabetes).
* Listed as drug-related kidney diseases.
Congenital disorders:
* Absence of kidneys,
* Underdevelopment (hypoplasia),
* Extraterrestrial kidneys,
* Known as horseshoe kidneys.
Cystic kidney diseases
* Underdeveloped segmental kidney,
* Chockycystic (polycystic) kidney disease,
* Cystic diseases (spongy kidney and nephrophtis),
* Acquired (dialysis-related) kidney cysts,
* Cystic disease with nodular origin,
* External kidney cysts (pelvic cyst).
hereditary disorders
* Alport syndrome,
* Thin basal membrane disease,
* Fabry disease.
Tuberculosis diseases:
* Tuberculosis tissue death (acute tubule necrosis),
* Tubulointerstitial nephritis (meaning tubulointerstitial inflammation; this is a common condition and can be caused by many reasons):
* Pyelonephritis and urinary tract infection,
* Pyelonephritis,
* Pyelonephritis and rheumatic fever,
Tubulointerstitial nephritis caused by drugs and pain
* Analgesic nephropathy,
* Uric acid nephropathy,
* Hypercalcemia (high calcium level), and nephrocalcinosis (kidney calcification),
* Multiple myeloma (consisting of proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow),
Vascular diseases
* benign nephrosclerosis (which means kidney stiffness; it is caused by stiffness in the renal vasculature and small vessels
* high blood pressure and accelerated nephrosclerosis,
Arterial stenosis in the kidney
- Vascular stiffness (in elderly patients),
- Fibromuscular dysplasia (poor development of ligament and muscle tissues, especially in the renal arterial vessel, causing narrowing of this vessel, more common in young patients),
Coagulated microangiopathy (means small vessel disease, and can have many causes)
- (Means small vessel disease, and can have many causes)
- Childhood fainting (hemolytic uremic syndrome: an infection known as bloody diarrhea, which produces a special protein (shigatoxin) in the intestine, mixes with the blood and damages the kidney vessels and develops infantile kidney failure,
- Consciousness in adults (there are many reasons, mainly due to chemotherapy),
- hereditary consciousness,
TTP (thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura): results from a disorder in blood clotting.
- Sickle cell anemia,
- Famous bark tissue death.
kidney stones
* Calcium oxalate and phosphate,
* Magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite stones),
* Uric acid,
* Fog.
kidney cancer
Benign cancer:
* Kidney adenoma without fingers,
* Angiomyolipoma (a benign tumor consisting of blood vessels, muscles, and fatty cells, is more common in patients with tuberous sclerosis,
* Oncocytoma.
Malignant cancers:
* Renal basin carcinoma,
* Pool urothelial carcinoma.
It is used in kidney diseases
The clinical signs and findings that will be produced by them show differences according to the factor causing the disease. Pain is not often seen in kidney diseases except for obstruction of flow in the urinary tract and inflammation. These include nausea, vomiting, weakness, loss of appetite, persistent itching, drinking too much water, decreased daily urination or excessive urination, yellowish-brown discoloration of the skin, fatigue, dizziness, shortness of breath, difficulty hearing, or deafness. , sudden and persistent increases in blood pressure, fluid accumulation (edema) all over the body, especially in the eyelids and legs, frequent urination, painful urination, bloody urine, cloudy urine, frequent urination at night, personality changes changes in consciousness and behavior leading to aggression, confusion and coma, convulsions, nocturnal incontinence and developmental delays, especially in children.
Most of the above symptoms are also found in other diseases. For this reason, it is necessary for doctors to investigate whether these symptoms originate from the kidneys and not from other diseases. Clinical signs indicating a kidney disease are anemia (anemia), high blood pressure, swelling, abundant but low density of urine, determination of blood and inflammatory cells and protein in the urine, high (increased) creatinine values in the blood, low blood albumin levels, high uric acid, increased blood sedimentation rate, high measurement of acidic substances in the blood (acidosis), heart enlargement, water accumulation in the lungs, urine volume 400 ml per day. falling below, detection of Hepatitis B and C virus in the blood, drying and discoloration of the skin. Associated doctors Nephrologists, Therapy specialists or Urologists conduct biochemical blood tests to determine whether some substances are increased or decreased.
By examining the kidneys with USM, it is investigated whether there is a structural change in the kidneys, whether the kidney sizes are reduced or not. If necessary, medical examinations are carried out. A simple urinalysis study and blood biochemical studies with USM study 1 constitute the first stage. In stage 2, the filtration rate of the kidneys is calculated by collecting 24-hour urine.
Depending on how much is missing in the kidney functions and whether the kidney function disorders are acute or chronic, specific treatment is directed to the type of disease determined. Just as high blood pressure, diabetes and heart disease can trigger kidney disease, kidney disease itself can lead to heart lung disease and high blood pressure. If kidney function is permanently lost, life-long dialysis (Artificial Kidney) devices may be necessary.
As with any kind of disease, preventive examinations are of great importance in kidney diseases before or at the beginning of complaints. It is appropriate to emphasize that in our country, there are a significant number of kidney failures caused by drugs used unconsciously, especially painkillers.
Ways to prevent kidney diseases
Change your lifestyle..
After kidney failure exceeds a certain period of time, dialysis becomes a condition, not only dialysis, of course, transplantation, i.e. kidney transplantation, may also be necessary. Diet and medicines are of great importance to prolong this period. The amount of salt and protein that a person will take in the diet is of great importance, and patients need to change their lifestyle. Quitting smoking is one of them. The negative effect of smoking on kidney functions has already been proven by the medical world. Smoking accelerates the development of kidney failure in chronic kidney patients. In addition, it increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, which are the most common cause of death in these patients. For this reason, doctors have a great responsibility in quitting smoking.
Do not neglect to drink plenty of water
* More than 2 liters of liquid should be consumed every day. Urine production should be around 2 liters. Choose from mineral water, spring water and herbal teas. Avoid alcohol, cola, overly sweetened beverages, and excess milk. Coffee should not be drunk for this purpose.
* Exercisers need to drink more fluids. Pay attention to the balance of fluids, especially those lost through exercise, sweating and sunbathing, by drinking enough fluids.
* Do not forget to drink something after going to the toilet at night.
* Use a menu rich in various vitamins in your diet. Use calcium-rich foods such as milk and dairy products. Reduce vegetables like spinach, beets.
* Dance a lot. Protect your body from the formation of new kidney stones with regular body movements.
* Watch out for the cold! Keep your feet and kidney area warm. If you have burning sensation while urinating, urgent urination, groin pain, back pain, fever, shivering, chills, get examined by a urologist immediately.
